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Definition/Abbreviation

Biopharmaceutics Classification System (BCS Classification)

Biopharmaceutics classification system (BCS Classification)

 

The Four BCS Classes
  • Class 1: High solubility and High permeability.
    • Drugs in this class dissolve rapidly in the gastrointestinal tract and are easily absorbed into the bloodstream. They are not significantly affected by dissolution rate or permeability issues, making them ideal candidates for biowaivers.
  • Class 2: Low solubility and High permeability.
    • Drugs in this class are well-absorbed once dissolved, but their absorption is limited by their poor solubility. Strategies like particle size reduction, salt formation, or use of solubility enhancers are often needed to improve their dissolution.
  • Class 3: High solubility and Low permeability.
    • These drugs dissolve easily but face challenges crossing biological membranes due to their low permeability. Their absorption is limited by their transport through the intestinal wall.
  • Class 4: Low solubility and Low permeability.
    • Drugs in this class exhibit poor solubility and permeability, making them the most challenging for formulation and absorption. Their bioavailability is typically poor, requiring advanced formulation strategies like nanoparticles or liposomes

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Definition/Abbreviation

ISO Clean Air Standards-ISO 14644-1

ISO Clean Air Standards-ISO 14644-1

ISO Clean Room Classification:-

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Definition/Abbreviation

Impurity-Thresholds As per ICH Q3

Drug-Product-Impurity-Thresholds As per ICH Q3

 

Drug-Substance-Impurity-Thresholds As per ICH Q3

Categories
Definition/Abbreviation

Tablet Dissolution Stages-S1,S2 & S3

Tablet Dissolution Stages-S1,S2 & S3

 

 

Categories
Definition/Abbreviation

ALCOA ++

 

Data Integrity: ALCOA ++

 

Regulatory Definitions of Data Integrity

USFDA: “Data integrity refers to the completeness, consistency, and accuracy of data.  Complete, consistent, and accurate data should be attributable, legible, contemporaneously recorded original, and accurate (ALCOA)”.

MHRA: “The extent to which all data are complete, consistent, and accurate throughout the data lifecycle.”

WHO: “Data integrity is the degree to which a collection of data is complete, consistent and accurate throughout the data lifecycle. The collected data should be attributable, legible, contemporaneously recorded, original or a true copy, and accurate”.

PICS: “Data Integrity is defined as the extent to which all data are complete, consistent, and accurate, throughout the data lifecycle”.

Attributable The Identity of the person completing a record (Who, When, Why).
Legible The data is readable, Understandable, Traceable, Permanent allowing for a clear picture of the activities that occurred.
Contemporaneous The data is recorded at the time it is generated or observed (No Back dating).
Original Original Records must preserve data accuracy, completeness, content and meaning. Data as the file or format in which it was initially generated.
Accurate The data record must be accurate whether paper or electronic, it must be exact, true and free from error (this might require a second verification if necessary).
Consistent Consistent application of date and time stamps in the expected sequence.
Complete All Information needs  to be  maintained. Batch pass-fail, Reanalyses carried out. (OOS, OOT).
Enduring Medium used to record data should be permanent and not temporary memory RAM.
Available Available/Accessible for review / audit for the life time of the record.

 

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Definition/Abbreviation

Country & Regulatory Agencies

Title:-Country & Regulatory Agencies:

 

India DCGI Drug Controller General of India
India CDSCO       Central Drugs Standard Control Organization
 World WHO World Health Organization
USA USFDA U S Food and Drug Administration
UK MHRA Medicines and Healthcare products Regulatory Agency
EU EMA European Medicines Agency
EU EDQM European Directorate for Quality of Medicines
South Africa MCC The Medicines Control Council
Australia TGA Therapeutic Goods Administration
Japan PMDA Pharmaceutical Medical Devices Agency
Canada TPD Therapeutic Products Directorate
Singapore HSA Health Sciences Authority
Russia   Ministry of Health
Brazil ANVISA Agência Nacional de Vigilância Sanitária
Switzerland SWISSMEDIC Swiss Agency for Therapeutic Products
Arab States GCC Gulf Cooperation Council

 

 

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Definition/Abbreviation

Basic Concept of Pharma-2

Commissioning: Ensures that utilities, manufacturing facilities and equipment is designed properly and functions as intended as defined in the URS.

 

 

Deviation: Deviation is any change from written procedure like Protocols, SOP, STP, BMR. Etc. Any deviation from established procedures should be documented and explained. Critical deviations should be investigated and the investigation and its conclusion should be documented.

 

 

Incident: It’s an unwritten event that is against GMP. Incident can be defined as unplanned or uncontrolled event in the form of non-compliance from the designed systems or procedures

 

at any stage of manufacturing, packing, testing, holding and storage of drug product due to system.

 

 

Out of Specifications (OOS): Results generated during testing that do not comply with relevant standard or specification.

 

 

Out of Trends (OOT): Any test result obtained for a particular batch that is markedly different from the results of batches in a series.

 

 

Change Control: A Process which ensures that changes to procedures, materials, methods, equipment, and software are properly documented, approved, validated and traceable.

 

 

Corrective Action and Preventive Action (CAPA): CAPA consists of improvements to an organization’s processes taken to eliminate causes of non-conformities or other undesirable situations.

Corrective Action: Action required to correct and prevent a re-occurrence for something that happened yesterday

Preventive Action: Action required to prevent an occurrence of something that may happen tomorrow

Root Cause Analysis: Root cause analysis is a problem solving technique for identifying the basic or cause factor (s) that underlie the occurrence or possible occurrences of an adverse event in a process similar to diagnosis of disease – with the goal always in mind of preventing reoccurrence.

 

 

 

Risk Assessment: A systematic process of organizing information to support a risk decision to be made within a risk management process. It consists of the identification of hazards and the analysis and evaluation of risks associated with exposure to those hazards.

 

 

User Requirements Specifications (URS): URS describes what users require from the system. URS are written early in the validation process, typically before the system is created

URS will be written by the system owner and End users, with input from Quality Assurance

 

Validation Plan: Validation Plan define the scope and goals of a validation project. These are specific to a single validation project. VP include deliverables to be generated during the validation process and Validation Team and the time line for completing the project.

 

 

Design Qualification (DQ): Documented verification that the proposed design of facilities, systems, and equipment is suitable for the intended purpose.

 

 

Functional Specifications (FS): The functional specifications document, if created, define functions and technological solutions that are specified for the computerized system based upon technical requirements needed to satisfy user requirements.

 

 

Functional Risk Assessment (FRA): A functional risk assessment is performed following approval of the functional specification to identify potential risks. Mitigation activities are then planned to manage the identified risks and allow focusing on critical areas, e.g.by modifying functionality, detailed testing, procedural controls or training.

 

 

Installation Qualification (IQ): Establishing a high degree of confidence that the equipment as installed is consistent with manufacture’s requirements and specifications.

 

 

Operating Qualification (OQ): Establishing a high degree of confidence that the equipment as installed is able to consistently operate within established limits and tolerances.

 

 

Performance Qualification (PQ): Establishing a high degree of confidence, with appropriate testing that the equipment, under normal operating conditions, will consistently produce a quality product.

Nitrogen Purging

Nitrogen Purging Nitrogen purging is an industrial process where undesirable gases, moisture, or other contaminants are removed from a system by displacing them with inert nitrogen

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Categories
Definition/Abbreviation

Basic concepts of Pharma-1

Form 482: FDA may conduct an inspection of your operation for a variety of reasons, such as a routinely scheduled investigation, a survey, or a response to a reported problem. The investigator will present credentials and “Notice of Inspection” upon arriving at your plant.

 

 

Form 483: An FDA form 483 is issued to firm management at the conclusion of an inspection when an investigator has observed any conditions that in their judgement may constitute violations of the Food Drug and Cosmetic (FD&C) Act and related acts.

 

 

CDSCO: The Central Drugs Standard Control Organisation is India’s national regulatory body for pharmaceuticals and medical devices. The Drug Controller General of India (DCGI) regulates pharmaceutical and medical devices and is positioning within the Ministry of Health and Family Welfare.

  • CDSCO exercises regulatory control over the quality of drugs, cosmetics and notified medical devices in the country.
  • It is the Central Drug Authority for discharging functions assigned to the Central Government under the Drugs and Cosmetics Act.

 

 

EMA: The European Medicines Agency is an agency of the European Union in charge of the evaluation and supervision of medicinal products.

  • EMA is responsible for scientific evaluation, supervision and safety monitoring of medicines in EU.
  • Protects public health and animal health in 28 EU member states, as well as the countries of the European Economic Area.

 

 

PIC/S: Pharmaceutical Inspection Convention/ Pharmaceutical Inspection Co-operation Scheme

The main aim of PIC/S is to improve the Co-operation in the field of GMP between regulatory authorities and pharmaceutical industry.

PIC was founded in 1970 by European Free Trade Association (EFTA), Because of incompatibility between convention and European law, it was not possible for new countries to be admitted as members of PIC. As a consequence, the Pharmaceutical Inspection Co- operation Scheme was formed on 2 November 1995.

ICH: The International Council for Harmonisation of Technical Requirements for Pharmaceuticals for Human Use (ICH) is unique in bringing together the regulatory authorities and pharmaceutical industry to discuss scientific and technical aspects of pharmaceuticals and develop ICH guidelines.

ICH Products: Quality, Safety, Efficacy, Multidisciplinary

 

WHO: The World Health Organization is a specialized agency of the United Nations responsible for international public health. The WHO Constitution, which establishes the agency’s governing structure and principles, states its main objective as “the attainment by all peoples of the highest possible level of health”

 

 

Regulatory Affairs: Regulatory Affairs in a Pharmaceutical industry, is a profession which acts as the interface between the pharmaceutical industry and Drug Regulatory authorities across the world. It is mainly involved in the registration of the drug products in respective countries prior to their marketing.

 

 

 

Validation: Establishing documented evidence which provides a high degree of assurance that a specific process will consistently produce a product meeting its predetermined specifications and Quality Attributes. (Validation is Process Oriented)

 

 

Verification: Verification is the act or process of establishing the truth or reality of something.

 

 

Qualification: Is an act or process to assure something complies with some condition, standard or specific requirements.

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